Abstract
Background
Antenatal breast expression (ABE) has been taught in the past as breast preparation.
Now some authorities are advising ABE and storage of colostrum for the feeding the
newborn in the treatment and/or prevention of hypoglycaemia in the immediate postnatal
period (thus avoiding the need for formula supplementation).
The actual incidence of ABE teaching amongst International Board Certified Lactation
Consultant (IBCLC) Midwives is unknown. Results of this study will provide valuable
baseline data for future randomised controlled trials into this practice.
Research question
What are the teaching practices surrounding ABE and the incidence of this type of
teaching by IBCLC Midwives across Australia?
Method
A descriptive cross-sectional Internet survey containing both quantitative and qualitative
questions was sent to Australian IBCLC Midwives. Simple descriptive statistics was
used to analyse quantitative data. Content analysis examined qualitative textual data
of open-ended questions.
Findings
Response rate was 27% (n = 347/1269). 93% (n = 322) of those responding to the survey had heard of ABE. 60% (n = 134) actively teach the practice. Descriptive statistics and content analysis revealed
marked differences in teaching practices amongst this specialised group of midwives.
Conclusion
This study suggested a large proportion of lactation qualified midwife respondents
were aware of ABE and some currently teach the skill. However, advice given to women
during pregnancy varied substantially.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Women and BirthAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Breastfeeding.WHO, Geneva2009 (Available at: http://www.who.int/topics/breastfeeding/en/ [accessed 25.05.09])
- Breastfeeding and human lactation.4th ed. Jones and Bartlett, MA, United States2010
- Infant and young child feeding.Model chapter for textbooks, for medical students and allied health professionals. WHO, Geneva2009 (Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241597494_eng.pdf [accessed 22.09.09])
- Breastfeeding.British Medical Journal. 2008; 336: 881-887
- Early infant feeding and micro-ecology of the gut.Acta Paediatrica Japonica. 1994; 36: 562-571
- Breastfeeding: unravelling the mysteries of mother's milk.Medscape General Medicine. 1999; 1 (Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/408813_print [accessed 15.09.08]): 1-15
- Nutritional factors that affect the postnatal metabolic adaption of full-term, small-and large-for gestational-age infants.Pediatrics. 2002; 109: 1-8
- The baby-friendly hospital initiative.UNICEF, 2010 (Available at: http://www.unicef.org/programe/breastfeeding/baby.htm [accessed 11.01.10])
- Insulin in human milk and prevention of type 1 diabetes.Pediatric Diabetes. 2001; 2: 175-177
- Breastfed babies: to supplement or not to supplement?.The Practising Midwife. 2002; 5: 20-21
- Expressing and storing of colostrum antenatally for use in the newborn period.Breastfeeding Review. 2006; 14: 12-16
- Antenatal expression of colostrum.The Practising Midwife. 2001; 4: 32-35
- Breastfeeding: factors affecting success. A report of a trial of the Woolwich Methods in a Group of Primiparae.Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1953; 60: 657-669
- Preparation of the breast for breastfeeding.Nursing Research. 1975; 24: 448-451
- The value of antenatal massage of nipples and expression of colostrum.International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1958; 65: 448-449
- Summary of a survey on antenatal expression.Midwife, Health Visitor and Community Nurse. 1983; 20: 286-289
- Preparation for breastfeeding: a one-year follow up of 34 nursing mothers.Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing. 1978; 7: 44-48
- The early failure of breastfeeding; a clinical study of its causes and their prevention.Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1946; 21: 1-12
- Antenatal breast expression and the risk of labour induction: a study in a baby friendly hospital.in: Paper presented to the international confederation of midwives conference, Glasgow, June 1–52008
- Diabetes and antenatal milk expressing: a pilot project to inform the development of a randomised controlled trial.Midwifery. 2009; (Published online 6th July, 2009. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com.proxy1.athensams.net/science?_ob=ArticleListURL&_method=list&_ArticleListID=1467980936&_sort=r&_st=13&view=c&_acct=C000061731&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8692824&md5=a605e136db8ee91e5174269cb1bc3dc6&searchtype=a [accessed 21.09.10])
- Effect of antenatal expression of breast milk at term in reducing breast feeding failures.Medical Journal of Armed Forces of India. 2009; 65 (Available at: http://medind.nic.in/maa/maam.shtml [accessed 21.09.10]): 131-133
- Randomized controlled trials of breast shells, Hoffman's exercises for inverted, non-protractile nipples.British Medical Journal. 1992; 304: 1030-1032
- Preparing for breastfeeding: treatment of inverted and non-protractile nipples in pregnancy.Midwifery. 1994; 10: 200-214
- Colostrum harvesting and type 1 diabetes.Journal of Diabetes Nursing. 2005; 9: 111-116
- Ulcerative colitis, pregnancy, prenatal expression and breastfeeding.Breastfeeding Review. 2006; 14: 17-19
Cairns Health Service. Antenatal expression of colostrum for mothers with diabetes and other mothers whose babies are likely to have feeding difficulties. Queensland Government Health. Available at: http://home.ca.inter.net/∼jfisher/docs/Appendix1-Antenatal Expression.pdf [accessed 20.05.09].
- Maternity care in SA; Perinatal practice guidelines, Hypoglycaemia.Government of South Australia, 2008 (Section 5, Chapter 80. Available at: http://www.health.sa.gov.au/PPG/Defult.aspx?tabid=127 [accessed 20.03.09])
- Physiology and endocrine changes underlying Human Lactogenesis 2.The Journal of Nutrition. 2001; 131: 3005S-3008S
- The yield and nutrient content of colostrum and milk of women from giving birth to 1 month postpartum.British Journal of Human Nutrition. 1984; 52: 87-95
- Why should I recertify?.IBCLE, 2011 (Available at: http://www.iblce.edu.au/Whyrecertify.php [accessed 04.01.12])
- Essentials of nursing research: methods appraisal and utilization.Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA2006
- Midwifery and nursing research; methods and appraisal for evidence-based practice.3rd ed. Elsevier-Mosby, Sydney, Australia2007
- Cluett E. Bluff R. Principles and practice of midwifery research in midwifery. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia, United States2006
- Conducting online surveys.Sage Publications, CA, USA2007
- Measurements on nursing and health research.3rd edn. Springer Publishing Company, New York, USA2005
- The role of pilot studies in midwifery research.RCM Journal. 2002; 5: 372-374
- Discovering statistics using SPSS.3rd edn. Sage Publications, London, UK2009
- Smart survey design.The Monkey Team, 2008 (Available at: http://www.surveymonkey.com/ [accessed 02.09.10])
- Survey research methods.4th edn. Sage Publications, CA, USA2009
- Ethical decision-making and Internet research; Recommendations from the AoIR Ethics Working Committee.2002 (Approved by AoIR. Available at: http://www.aoir.or/reports/ethics.pdf [accessed 15.05.09])
- Australian code for responsible conduct of research.Government of Australia, Canberra, Australia2007 (Available at: http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/index.htm [accessed 10.05.09])
- The qualitative content analysis process.Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2008; 62: 107-115
- Nursing research: methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice.7th edn. Mosby Elsevier, Missouri, USA2010
Shields L, Twycross A, 2008. Content analysis, Paediatric nursing, vol. 20, no. 6, July, pg. 38, viewed 21st September 2010, http://proquest.umi.com.ezlibproxy.unisa.edu.au/pqdweb?index=7&did=1508842851&SrchMode=3&sid=2&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1286713979&clientId=14273&aid=3.
- Blueprint of knowledge and skills for IBCLCs.IBCLE, 2011 (Available at: http://www.iblce.edu.au/Blue Print.php [accessed 27.12.11])
- Breast stimulation for cervical ripening and induction of labour.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005; 5https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003392.pub2
- The contraction stress test.Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1995 March; 38: 11-25
- Proctor S. Renfrew M. Linking research and midwifery practice: a guide to evidenced based practice. Bailliere Tindall Harcourt Publishers, Edinbourgh, UK2000
- An ethical dilemma: should recommending antenatal expression continue?.Breastfeeding Review. 2010; 18: 5-7
- Breastfeeding augments metabolic adaption in small for gestational age and preterm neonates.Pediatric Research. 1998; 44: 441
Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 17, 2012
Accepted:
January 17,
2012
Received in revised form:
January 17,
2012
Received:
May 2,
2011
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
