Abstract
Background
Aim
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Keywords
Problem or issue
What is already known
What this paper adds
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1 Design
2.2 Recruitment of women and their partners
2.3 Data collection
2.4 Data analysis
Coded segment | Sub-theme | Theme |
---|---|---|
“Definitely if they know that you smoked before the pregnancy, just ask every time you come, uh, every time you come, are you smoking? You know, give it some attention.” (#3, pregnant, current smoker) | Involvement | Understanding women’s needs |
“So, just that it is important that you feel respected, that you don’t just get the feeling that you are doing something bad and that you have to stop.” (#1, recently gave birth, quit smoking during pregnancy) | Being valued | Responsibility without criticism |
“I think that if you involve the partner more, you know, because they say: Yeah, you need to stop smoking because YOU are carrying the child. Yeah, that’s all logical and so, but if you have a partner next to you who just keeps on smoking and doesn’t even cut down, then it isn’t easier for yourself.” (#8, recently gave birth, smoked during pregnancy) | Role of the partner | Women and their social network |
3. Results
3.1 Women and their partners
Characteristic | Frequency |
---|---|
Gender | |
Female | 23 |
Currently pregnant | 13 |
Recently gave birth | 10 |
Male | 5 |
Age, average (range) | 29 (20−41) |
Smoking status | |
Women | |
Currently pregnant | 13 |
Smoking at the time of the interview | 4 |
Quit smoking at the time of the interview | 9 |
Recently gave birth | 10 |
Smoking at the time of the interview | 10 |
Quit smoking during pregnancy | 5 |
Men | |
Smoking at the time of the interview | 4 |
Quit smoking at the time of the interview | 1 |
Socioeconomic status | |
Low SES | 5 |
Middle SES | 19 |
High SES | 4 |
Province | |
Groningen | 16 |
Friesland | 5 |
Drenthe | 7 |
3.2 Themes
- 1Understanding women’s needs
Theme | Sub-theme | Sub-category |
---|---|---|
1. Understanding women’s needs |
| |
| Give compliments and Discuss it more often | |
| Ask open questions | |
| Understand complexity | |
2. Responsibility without criticism |
| |
| Health consequences and support options | |
| ||
| ||
3. Women and their social network |
| |
| Involve partner in smoking cessation support | |
| Group-based prenatal care |
In my case it’s to have something to do and as little stress as possible. It actually has a bit to do with external circumstances --. Yeah, with me it’s just a typical vicious circle. So I know why I smoke and so. (#16, pregnant, current smoker)
She did not discuss it any further, like "are you struggling with it?". No, she just asked "have you stopped (smoking)?". And when I confirmed, that was that. Then I was thinking yes [..] 'give me a compliment or something'. But she was like "okay, fine!". (#9, pregnant, quit smoking)
I think, just asking what someone needs, […] more like if a midwife asks 'how can I support you?' Like that. (#12, pregnant, quit smoking)
But then you get that advice, the really standard advice. Like oh yes, you just have to go on, and if you feel the urge you should eat a grape or drink a glass of water. I think that is just no use. That’s just the kind of advice non-smokers give. (#26, pregnant, quit smoking)
- 2Responsibility without criticism
But I want to do it myself. I’m the boss over my own body; that’s how I see it. […] Then I think ‘yes, I’m the one who started, I know there are lots of disadvantages to smoking, um, I’m a grown woman. So then I should be able to do it myself. (#4, pregnant, quit smoking)
I don’t know, I think that it is because these television programs like 'Four hands on one belly' where you see that a baby is actually born prematurely and is small and has to be put in the incubator. […] That could eh be a tip, to really make it visual. (#7, pregnant, quit smoking)
That they didn’t use pressure or nag, that they made their point clear in a very respectful manner. But that they tried to do everything in agreement with me, also giving information. That way you don’t feel forced, you don’t feel as if the school teacher is waving his finger at you. That was very nice. (#21, recently gave birth, smoked during pregnancy)
- 3Women and their social network
And I think eh if my boyfriend would not smoke, it would be a lot easier. Well, he can quit, but he says: "one should be ready for it, one should not be obliged to stop, because then it won’t work". And then for a while, he only smoked at his work. But then I noticed that he became a bit more grumpy and because of that we got into arguments. And then I said: you know, please start smoking again. Because I … it shouldn’t be at the expense of your relationship. (#2, pregnant, current smoker).
We did talk about it, that he would also quit smoking. Especially when the baby is born. But yes, I also know how difficult it is to stop smoking […]. The baby is of course in my belly, not in his. So I also understand that for him-, well, that he does not have the big stick that I have. (#17, pregnant, quit smoking)
I mean, uh, I definitely think that if there are two smokers in a relationship, that you should almost, uh, actually take on the project together. Of course, uh, some things you can only do alone, but you need support from others and if you are constantly being tempted, yeah, that doesn’t have much impact. (#10, partner, quit smoking)
Yes, I really do think from the family. I think family and friends could pull me through better than somebody from outside. (#25, recently gave birth, quit smoking)
4. Discussion
E. Willemse, L. Springvloet, M. van der Laar. Het betrekken van het sociale netwerk in de stoppen-met-roken begeleiding van zwangere vrouwen: Een verkennende studie. [Involving the social network in smoking cessation support of pregnant women: an explorative study]. Available at: https://www.trimbos.nl/docs/5e8108af-b056-4ade-a8f0-09a654cd7b99.pdf. Published 2019. (Accessed 3 April 2020).
E. Willemse, L. Springvloet, M. van der Laar. Het betrekken van het sociale netwerk in de stoppen-met-roken begeleiding van zwangere vrouwen: Een verkennende studie. [Involving the social network in smoking cessation support of pregnant women: an explorative study]. Available at: https://www.trimbos.nl/docs/5e8108af-b056-4ade-a8f0-09a654cd7b99.pdf. Published 2019. (Accessed 3 April 2020).
4.1 Strengths and limitations
4.2 Recommendations
5. Conclusion
Author agreement
Funding
Ethical statement
Conflict of interest
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Acknowledgments
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